Chemical Reactions Test
This page demonstrates various chemical reactions and formulas using mhchem syntax.
Basic Chemical Formulas
Simple Molecules
- Water: \(\ce{H2O}\)
- Carbon dioxide: \(\ce{CO2}\)
- Methane: \(\ce{CH4}\)
- Ammonia: \(\ce{NH3}\)
Complex Molecules
- Glucose: \(\ce{C6H12O6}\)
- Ethanol: \(\ce{C2H5OH}\)
- Acetic acid: \(\ce{CH3COOH}\)
- Benzene: \(\ce{C6H6}\)
Chemical Reactions
Simple Reactions
Combustion of methane:
$$\ce{CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O}$$Formation of water:
$$\ce{2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O}$$Photosynthesis:
$$\ce{6CO2 + 6H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2}$$Equilibrium Reactions
Ammonia synthesis:
$$\ce{N2 + 3H2 <=> 2NH3}$$Water dissociation:
$$\ce{H2O <=> H+ + OH-}$$Acid-Base Reactions
Hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide:
$$\ce{HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O}$$Acetic acid dissociation:
$$\ce{CH3COOH <=> CH3COO- + H+}$$Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Redox Reactions
Iron rusting:
$$\ce{4Fe + 3O2 -> 2Fe2O3}$$Zinc with copper sulfate:
$$\ce{Zn + CuSO4 -> ZnSO4 + Cu}$$Hydrogen peroxide decomposition:
$$\ce{2H2O2 -> 2H2O + O2}$$Complex Reactions
Organic Chemistry
Esterification:
$$\ce{CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH <=> CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O}$$Alkene hydration:
$$\ce{CH2=CH2 + H2O -> CH3CH2OH}$$Biochemical Reactions
Cellular respiration:
$$\ce{C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy}$$Protein synthesis:
$$\ce{amino acids -> protein + H2O}$$Ionic Equations
Precipitation Reactions
Silver chloride formation:
$$\ce{Ag+ + Cl- -> AgCl v}$$Barium sulfate formation:
$$\ce{Ba^{2+} + SO4^{2-} -> BaSO4 v}$$Complex Ions
Ammonia complex:
$$\ce{Cu^{2+} + 4NH3 -> [Cu(NH3)4]^{2+}}$$Gas Laws and States
Phase Changes
Water vaporization:
$$\ce{H2O(l) -> H2O(g)}$$Carbon dioxide sublimation:
$$\ce{CO2(s) -> CO2(g)}$$Gas Reactions
Ideal gas law demonstration:
$$\ce{PV = nRT}$$Catalytic Reactions
Enzyme Catalysis
Enzyme-substrate complex:
$$\ce{E + S <=> ES -> E + P}$$Industrial Catalysis
Haber process:
$$\ce{N2 + 3H2 ->[Fe catalyst] 2NH3}$$Nuclear Reactions
Radioactive Decay
Alpha decay:
$$\ce{^{238}_{92}U -> ^{234}_{90}Th + ^{4}_{2}He}$$Beta decay:
$$\ce{^{14}_{6}C -> ^{14}_{7}N + ^{0}_{-1}e}$$Gamma decay:
$$\ce{^{60}_{27}Co* -> ^{60}_{27}Co + \gamma}$$Advanced Examples
Coordination Chemistry
Hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride:
$$\ce{[Co(NH3)6]Cl3}$$Tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate:
$$\ce{[Cu(NH3)4]SO4}$$Organic Mechanisms
SN2 reaction:
$$\ce{CH3Br + OH- -> CH3OH + Br-}$$E2 elimination:
$$\ce{CH3CH2CH2Br + OH- -> CH3CH=CH2 + H2O + Br-}$$Mathematical Notation in Chemistry
Equilibrium Constants
Acid dissociation constant:
$$K_a = \frac{[\ce{H+}][\ce{A-}]}{[\ce{HA}]}$$Solubility product:
$$K_{sp} = [\ce{Ag+}][\ce{Cl-}]$$Rate Laws
First-order reaction:
$$\ce{A -> B}$$$$rate = k[\ce{A}]$$Second-order reaction:
$$\ce{2A -> B}$$$$rate = k[\ce{A}]^2$$This page demonstrates the power of mhchem for rendering complex chemical notation in a clear and readable format.